2) Which of the following is an important molecule present in the outer membrane of HIV that helps the virus to enter and infect host cells?
a) Polysaccharides
b) Glycoproteins
c) Proteins
d) Lipopolysaccharides
3) Select all the incorrect options given below for the common route of transmission of HIV from one person to another?
a) Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
b) From infected mother to the fetus
c) From the mosquito bite
d) Exposure to contaminated blood and blood products
4) HIV belongs to which of the following genus member of the virus?
a) Orthomyxovirus
b) Retrovirus
c) Parvovirus
d) Reovirus
5) All of the following statements regarding HIV infection in human is true, EXCEPT?
a) Person once infected will remain infected for life if untreated
b) Monocytes and macrophages are the major reservoirs of the virus
c) HIV infection progresses mainly in 3 stages with AIDS being the most severe stage
d) The possible flu like symptoms fever, chills, fatigue, and sore throat after an initial exposure
e) Medicines are available for the complete cure of the late (severe) stage of the HIV infections
6) Which of the following enzyme is required for the viral replication process and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection?
a) RNA polymerase
b) DNA polymerase
c) RNA polymerase II
d) Reverse transcriptase
7) The envelope protein gp120 (Glycoprotein 120) is required for the attachment of the HIV virus to CD4 receptors of target host cells.
Identify the immune cells that consist of CD4 receptors:
a) T helper cells
b) Monocytes
c) Macrophages
d) Dendritic cells
8) Choose the correct answer: The chemokine receptor cell present in the host macrophages that helps in the primary attachment of HIV is.
a) CxCR 4
b) CCR5
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
9) Which of the following is an important HIV antigen in determining the used as diagnostic marker for the early detection and diagnosis of HIV infection?
a) p24
b) gp120
c) Pol gene
d) Gp120
10)Which of the following bacterial infections is predominant in chronic HIV-infected patients or in AIDS?
a) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
b) Tuberculosis
c) Candidiasis
d) Toxoplasmosis
11) When was the first case of human AIDS reported in the USA?
a) 1990
b) 1982
c) 1981
d) 1991
12) Which of the following protease inhibitor drug is used as a Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), in a combination regimen with other antiretroviral drugs.
a) Efavirenz
b) Indinavir
c) Ritonavir
d) Zidovudine
13) All of the following are examples of clinically important specimens that can be taken from a HIV infected patient for the laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection, EXCEPT?
a) Blood
b) Saliva with the presence of blood
c) Genital secretions
d) Urine with no presence of blood
14) Which of the following drug have shown significant results in reducing the transmission of HIV infection from a pregnant mother to a baby?
a) Acyclovir
b) Zidovudine
c) Ceftriaxone
d) None of the above
15) All of the following are the effective current preventive methods for HIV infection?
Select all the correct answers:
a) Practice safe and protected sex
b) Taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications for individuals at higher risk of HIV
16) It is estimated that millions of people live with HIV positive since the disease first occurred in humans.